国家税务总局关于下发《国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定》的通知(附英文)
国家税务总局
国家税务总局关于下发《国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定》的通知(附英文)
1993年11月2日，国家税务总局
通知
各省、自治区、直辖市税务局，各计划单列市税务局：
现将《国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定》印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。
附件：国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则
若干问题的规定
国家税务总局关于贯彻实施税收征管法及其实施细则若干问题的规定
规定
为了保证《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》（以下简称《征管法》）和《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法实施细则》（以下简称《细则》）的贯彻实施，现就有关问题规定如下：
一、关于税务登记
根据《细则》第五条的规定，非从事生产、经营的纳税人，除临时取得应税收入或发生应税行为以及只缴纳个人收入调节税、个人所得税、车船使用税的外，都应当自有关部门批准之日起三十日内或自依照法律、行政法规的规定成为法定纳税义务人之日起三十日内，按照《征管法》和《细则》规定的程序及要求，向税务机关申报办理税务登记，税务机关审核后发给税务登记证件。
纳税人办理税务登记时，应按其生产、经营所在地税务机关确定的管辖范围，向其主管税务机关申报办理。税务机关应当在规定时间内予以办理；对不符合规定的，也应给予答复。
税务登记证件分为：税务登记证及其副本和注册税务登记证及其副本。对从事生产经营并经工商行政管理部门核发营业执照的纳税人核发税务登记证及其副本；但对纳税人非独立核算的分支机构及按照本条第一款规定应当办理税务登记的纳税人，核发注册税务登记证及其副本。
纳税人领取税务登记证件后，应当在其生产、经营场所内明显、易见的地方张挂，亮证经营。外出经营的纳税人应当携带税务登记证或注册税务登记证的副本。
税务机关对已发的税务登记证件，应当一年验证一次，三年更换一次。具体验证时间由省、自治区、直辖市税务局统一确定，换证时间由国家税务总局统一规定。
涉外税务登记证件的种类，验、换证时间，暂按国税发〔1993〕021号文执行。
二、关于延期申报
经税务机关批准可以延期办理纳税申报的纳税人，除因不可抗力原因外，都应当在规定的申报期限内，按照上期实际缴纳的税额或者按税务机关核定的税额预缴税款，并在批准的延期内办理纳税结算。
三、关于延期缴纳税款
根据《征管法》第二十条第一款的规定，纳税人因有特殊困难，不能按期缴纳税款的，应当在规定的缴纳期限内，向主管税务机关提出书面申请，并经县以上税务局（分局）批准后，方可延期缴纳税款，但对延期缴纳税款的时间最长不得超过三个月。
四、关于核定税额
根据《征管法》第二十三条和《细则》第三十五条的规定，税务机关可以采取核定税额的方法征收税款。核定税额，是对纳税人当期或以前纳税期应纳税额的确定。但对依照规定可以不设置帐簿的纳税人，税务机关可以核定其下期应纳税额，即采取定期定额的方法征收税款。
五、关于扣押、查封商品、货物或者其他财产的价值计算
根据《征管法》第二十五、二十六、二十七条的规定，税务机关在实施扣押、查封时，按以下方法计算应扣押、查封的商品、货物或其他财产的价值：
（一）扣押、查封商品、货物时，以当地当日市场最低收购价计算。
（二）扣押、查封金银首饰等贵重物品时，按照国家专营机构公布的收购价计算。
（三）扣押、查封不动产时，按当地财产评估机构评估的价值计算。
税务机关按上述方法确定应扣押、查封的商品，货物或其他财产的数量时，还应当包括在扣押、查封、保管、拍卖等过程中所发生的费用。
六、关于纳税担保财产价值的计算
根据《征管法》及其《细则》的规定，纳税人可以未设置抵押权的财产或委托他人提供纳税担保。纳税人或纳税担保人以自有的未设置抵押权的财产作纳税担保时，其价值折算方法按前条规定的原则办理。
七、关于税款的抵缴
按《征管法》及其《细则》的规定，税务机关可将所扣押、查封的商品，货物或其他财产拍卖后取得的收入抵缴税款、滞纳金。对拍卖收入超过应抵缴税款、滞纳金和保管、拍卖费用的部分，在扣除应交税收罚款后的剩余部分，税务机关应当退还给当事人；对不足抵缴税款、滞纳金的，税务机关应当依法补征。
八、关于纳税人拒绝接受扣缴税款的处理
根据《征管法》第十九条第二款的规定，扣缴义务人对纳税人拒绝扣缴的，应当在二十四小时内向税务机关报告，由税务机关依照《征管法》的规定处理。
九、关于税收保全措施的解除
根据《征管法》第二十五条、第二十六条的规定，纳税人在税务机关采取税收保全措施后按照税务机关规定的期限缴纳税款的，税务机关应当在收到税款或银行转回的税票后二十四小时内解除税收保全。
十、关于多缴税款的退还
根据《征管法》第三十条的规定，税务机关对多征税款需退还给纳税人的，应于发现或接到纳税人申报退款书之日起六十日内予以退还，也可按纳税人的要求抵缴下期应纳税款。
十一、关于减免税管理
根据《征管法》第二十一条的规定，纳税人申请减税、免税，应当向主管税务机关提出书面报告，并按规定附送有关资料。经税务机关按规定权限审核批准后，方可享受减税、免税。减税、免税期满，应当自期满次日起恢复纳税。
纳税人在享受减税、免税期间，应当按照《征管法》第十六条第一款的规定办理纳税申报，并按税务机关的规定报送减免税金统计报告。
纳税人必须按照法律、行政法规以及税务机关的规定使用减免税金，对不按规定用途使用的，税务机关有权取消其减税、免税，并追回已减免的税款。
纳税人享受减税、免税的条件发生变化时，应当及时向税务机关报告，经税务机关审核后，停止其减税、免税；对不报告的，税务机关有权追回相应已减免的税款。
纳税人骗取减税、免税的，一律按偷税论处。
十二、本规定自公布之日起执行。
NOTICE ON ISSUING THE STIPULATIONS OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OFTAXATION ON SOME ISSUES CONCERNING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF TAX COL-LECTION AND MANAGEMENT AND DETAILED RULES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
(State Administration of Taxation: 2, November 1993 Guo Shui Fa[93] No. 117)
Whole Doc.
To the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities and the tax bureaus of various cities with separate
planning:
The Stipulations of the State Administration of Taxation On Some
Issues Concerning Implementation of the Law of Tax Collection and
Management and Detailed Rules for Its Implementation are hereby printed
and issued to you, please put them into practice in real earnest.
Appendix: Stipulations of the State Administration of Taxation On
Some Issues Concerning Implementation of the Law of Tax Collection and
Management and Detailed Rules for Its Implementation
A duplicate is sent to: The Ministry of Finance
STIPULATIONS OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OF TAXATION ON SOME IS- SUES CONCERNING IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF TAX COLLECTION AND MANA- GEMENT AND DETAILED RULES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
In order to ensure implementation of the Law of the People's Republic
of China for Tax Collection and Management (hereinafter referred to as Law
of Tax Collection and Management and the Detailed Rules for Implementation
of the Law of the People's Republic of China for Tax Collection and
Management, related questions are hereby stipulated as follows:
I. Tax Registration
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLE 5 of the Detailed
Rules, tax payers who are not engaged in production and management, apart
from temporarily gaining taxable income or having dutiable conducts as
well as only paying personal income regulatory tax and personal income
tax, and vehicle and vessel license tax, shall all, within 30 days from
the day of approval granted by the department concerned or within 30 days
from the day they become legal tax payers according to the stipulations of
laws and administrative regulations, report to, and perform the procedures
for tax registration, at tax authorities in accordance with the Law for
Tax Collection and Management and the procedures and requirements
stipulated in the Detailed Rules and shall be issued a tax registration
certificate after examination and approval by tax authorities.
While performing the procedures for tax registration, the tax payer
shall report to, and perform procedures at, the competent tax authorities
in line with the scope of jurisdiction defined by the tax authorities in
the location of his or her production and management. The tax authorities
shall handle the matter for him or her within the specified time, and
shall give a reply to those whose case does not fit the stipulations.
Tax registration certificates are classified into: Tax registration
certificate and its duplicate and registered tax registration certificate
and its duplicate. Tax payer who engages in production and management and
who is issued a business license by the administrative department for
industry and commerce shall be issued a tax registration certificate and
its duplicate, but to the branch of the tax payer which is not engaged in
independent accounting, as well as tax payer who shall perform the
procedures for tax registration in line with the stipulations of Clause 1
of this article shall be issued a registered tax registration certificate
and its duplicate.
After receiving the tax registration certificate, the tax payer shall
engage in operation by putting up and display the certificate in the
conspicuous, easily visible place of his or her production and operational
site. Tax payer who engages in operation in another place shall bring with
him or her their tax registration certificate or the duplicate of the
registered tax registration certificate.
Tax authorities shall check the already issued tax registration
certificate once a year and change it once every three years. The concrete
time for checking the certificate shall be determined in a unified way by
the tax bureaus of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities and
the time for changing the certificate shall be stipulated in a unified way
by the State Administration of Taxation.
The category of tax registration certificate related to foreign
countries and the time for checking and changing certificates shall be
carried out temporarily in accordance with the Document Guo Shui Fa (1993)
No. 021.
II. Postponement of Declaration
The tax payer who is approved by tax authorities postponement of
declaration of tax payment, except for irresistible reasons, shall, within
the specified declaration period, pay tax in advance in accordance with
the actually paid tax amount of the previous period or with the tax amount
verified and fixed by tax authorities, and shall perform taxation
settlement within the approved extended period.
III. Deferred Tax Payment
In line with the stipulations of Clause 1 of ARTICLE 20 of the Law
for Tax Collection and Management, tax payer who cannot pay tax on
schedule due to special difficulty shall, within the specified tax paying
period, present a written application to the competent tax authorities and
can postpone paying tax only with approval from the tax bureau
(sub-bureau) at or above the county level, but the longest time for
deferred tax payment shall not exceed three months.
IV. Verifying and Fixing Tax Amount
In line with the stipulations of ARTICLE 23 of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management and ARTICLE 35 of the Detailed Rules, tax
authorities may levy taxes by adopting the method of verifying and fixing
the tax amount. Verifying and fixing tax amount means determining the
dutiable tax amount of the tax payer's current or previous tax period. But
for the tax payer who may not set up an account book in accordance with
stipulations, tax authorities may verify and fix his next period dutiable
tax amount, that is, levying tax by the method of fixed term and fixed
amount.
V. Calculation of the Value of Detained and Sealed Up Commodities, Goods or Other Properties
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLES 25, 26, and 27 of the
Law for Tax Collection and Management, tax authorities, while carrying out
detaining and sealing up, shall calculate the value of detained and sealed
up commodities, goods or other properties according to the following
methods:
(1) While detaining and sealing up commodities and goods, tax
authorities shall calculate their value in accordance with the lowest
market purchasing prices at the given time and place.
(2) While detaining and sealing up valuable articles such as gold,
silver and jewelry, tax authorities shall calculate their value in
accordance with the purchasing price published by the special state
institution.
(3) While detaining and sealing up immovable properties, tax
authorities shall calculate the value in accordance with the value
assessed by the local property evaluation organization.
While determining the quantity of the detained and sealed up
commodities, goods or other properties in accordance with the
above-mentioned method, tax authorities shall also include in them the
expense occurred in the course of detaining, sealing up, keeping and
auctioning.
VI. Calculating the Value of Tax Guaranteed Property
In line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax Collection and
Management, the tax payer may use the not mortgage property or entrust
others with providing tax guarantee. While the tax payer or tax guarantor
uses not mortgage property as tax guarantee, the value of the property
shall be calculated in the method of conversion in line with the principle
of the stipulations set in the previous ARTICLE.
VII. The Payment of Tax
In line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax Collection and
Management and its Detailed Rules, tax authorities may use the income
gained from the selling of the detained, sealed up commodities, goods or
other properties to pay tax and overdue fine. With regard to that portion
of income that exceeds the dutiable tax, overdue fine and the expense on
keeping and auctioning, tax authorities shall return the remaining money
after deducting tax fine to the parties concerned; with regard to
deficiency in paying tax and overdue fine, tax authorities shall recollect
the money according to law.
VIII. Handling of Cases Regarding the Tax Payer Who Refuses to
Accept Tax Withheld In line with the stipulations of Clause 2 of
ARTICLE 19 of the Law for Tax Collection and Management, the withholding
agent shall, within 24 hours, report to tax authorities about the case in
which the tax paper refuses to accept tax withheld, tax authorities shall
handle the case in line with the stipulations of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management.
IX. Cancellation of Measures for Preservation of Tax
In accordance with the stipulation of ARTICLES 25 and 26 of the Law
for Tax Collection and Management, when the tax payer pays tax within the
time limit set by tax authorities after measures for the preservation of
tax are adopted by tax authorities, the tax authorities shall, within 24
hours after receiving the tax payments or the tax receipt sent back from
the bank, cancel the preservation of tax.
X. Refund of Extra Tax Money
In line with the stipulations of ARTICLE 30 of the Law for Tax
Collection and Management, with regard to extra levied tax that should be
returned to the tax payer, the tax authorities shall, within 60 days from
discovering or receiving the tax payer's application for refunding, return
the extra tax payment, or use the extra levied tax to pay the next
dutiable tax in compliance with the tax payer's request.
XI. Management of Tax Reduction and Exemption
In accordance with the stipulations of ARTICLE 21 of the Law of Tax
Collection and Management, the tax payer who applies for tax reduction or
exemption, shall submit a written report to the competent tax authorities
and send related materials in line with regulations. The tax payer can
enjoy tax reduction or exemption only after his application is examined
and approved by tax authorities within the specified limit of power. After
the expiration of the period of tax reduction or exemption, the tax payer
shall resume paying tax from the day following the expiration of the
period.
During the period of tax reduction or exemption, the tax payer shall
submit a declaration on tax payment in line with the stipulations of
Clause 1 of ARTICLE 16 of the Law for Tax Collection and Management, and
send in a statistical report on tax reduction or exemption in accordance
with the stipulations of tax authorities.
The tax payer shall use the tax money thus reduced or exempted in
line with the stipulations of the tax authorities, with regard to those
who do not use the money in accordance with the stipulated purposes, the
tax authorities have the right to cancel the tax reduction or exemption
granted to them and recover the already reduced and exempted tax.
When there are changes in the qualifications for enjoying tax
reduction or exemption, the tax payer shall promptly report to the tax
authorities who, after examination and verification, shall stop tax
reduction and exemption; as regards those who fail to submit a report, the
tax authorities have the right to recover the appropriate amount of
already reduced or exempted tax.
The tax payer who gains tax reduction or exemption by cheating shall
be punished without exception for tax evasion.
XII. These Regulations go into effect from the day of publication.
房屋中介收费有没有标准？ 如何监管房屋中介？
蔡英杰
引子：现在这个社会上，什么行当最赚钱，可能说什么答案的都有，毕竟每个人的角度不一样。但是我要说的这个行当可能并非一个独立的行当，这个行当几乎寄生在每一个或几个其他行业上，它完全依附于其他行业的存在而存在。而且，几乎是每出现一个新的行业，这个行当亦会随之产生。没错，这个行当就是中介。
在今天，有人称这个行当或从事这个行当的人为居间商、中间人、代办商、中间商或经纪人的，而在我国古代则称其为牙人或掮客，具体是指为买主与卖主之间签订买卖合同（广义上的）而收取手续费或佣金的人。
可以不太夸张的说，自古以来，掮客这个行当向来是有市无价的，基本上属于无监管的灰色地带。凡事你情我愿，别人也挑不出毛病。在当今社会，如上所述，几乎各行各业都有掮客。房地产行业的掮客就是像“我爱我家”、“链家”以及各种置业公司这样的房屋中介，其正式工作人员被称之为“房地产经纪人”，弄的跟娱乐圈似的。不过，我国的法律还算不错，对这个行当是有监管的，“有市无价”在房屋中介这个圈子里不是，至少从立法上不能是有市无价的。
国家规定
早在1995年7月，国家计委（就是现在的发改委，各类市场价格管理是其主要业务之一）和建设部就下发了《关于房地产中介服务收费的通知》（计价格第971号）。在这个文件里，有以下几点值得关注，毕竟该文件仍然有效：
1、房屋中介可以向委托人收取合理的费用，但是需要依据该文件规定的收费办法和收费标准，由房屋中介与委托方双方协商确定中介费；
2、房屋中介实行明码标价制度，即其应当在其经营场所或交缴费用地点的醒目位置公布其收费项目、服务内容、计费方法、收费标准等事项；
3、收费服务主要有：
（1）咨询收费：
包括口头咨询和书面咨询，其中口头咨询费由双方协商确定，书面咨询费又分为普通咨询报告收费标准为300-1000元，复杂一点的咨询报告收费标准不超过咨询标的额的0.5%。但是有一点需要注意的是，上述收费保准只是指导性参考价格，实际成交收费标准由委托方和房屋中介协商确定。什么叫指导性参考价格呢？说白了，就是没有强制性，国家鼓励号召按照或参考这个价格来收费，但是超过或低于这个价格也是可以的，政府管不着。所以，上述咨询收费的标准基本上是没有太大实质意义的。
（2）房地产价格评估收费：
由具备房地产估价资格并经房地产行政主管部门、物价主管部门确认的机构按规定的收费标准计收。
（3）房地产经纪收费
房屋中介接受委托，进行居间代理所收取的佣金。这是房屋中介收入的主要来源，也是普通老百姓所谓的“房屋中介”的真正含义。房屋中介费根据代理项目的不同实行不同的收费标准：
（1）房屋租赁中介费
无论成交的租赁期限长短，均按半月至一月成交租金额标准，由双方协商议定一次性计收。（各地会有一些调整）
（2）房屋买卖中介费
按成交价格总额的0.5-2.5％计收。
如果实行独家代理的，收费标准由委托方与房地产中介机构协商，可适当提高，但最高不超过成交价格的3％。房屋中介费通常由房屋中介机构向委托人收取，实践中，租房情况下，既有向房东收取中介费的，也有向房客收取中介费的，在房屋买卖情况下，通常是向购房者收取中介费的，这些通常会在明确写在房屋买卖合同或居间服务协议中。
凡房屋中介自立名目乱收费、擅自提高收费原则和收费标准或越权制定、调整收费标准的，属于价格违法行为，可由物价检查机构按有关法规予以处罚。
计价格第971号文出台之后，各地结合实际情况也纷纷制定了各自的实施细则或操作规范。
北京规定
根据《北京市物价局北京市房屋土地管理局关于房地产中介服务收费的通知》（京价（房）字【1997】第398号），房屋对房屋买卖交易收取的中介费应按成交价格总额分档累进计收：其中房屋交易价格在500万元以下的，按2.5%收取；房屋交易价格在501-2000万元的，按２％收取；2001-5000万元的，按1.5％收取；房屋交易价格在5001-10000万元的，按１％收取；房屋交易价格在10001万元以上的，按0.5％收取。其中实行独家代理的最高收费标准不得超过成交价格总额的2.8％。在一定程度上说，京价（房）字【1997】第398号文比起1996年出台但仅试行1年的京价(房)字(1996)第396号文对普通老百姓是一个倒退，因为该文件对于500万以下的房子统一收费标准为2.5%。
对于北京的这个规定，笔者相当钦佩当时的制定者，即北京市物价局和房土局的勇气和智慧，能在1997年就把价值几千万甚至上亿的情况的收费标准划分的如此详细，的确是人才。此外，京价（房）字【1997】第398号文还提出房屋中介应除应严格执行政府规定的收费原则和收费标准，切实提供质价相称的服务，并对服务内容的真实性和合法性负责之外，还规定因中介服务机构主观故意服务失实、违法造成委托方经济损失或者有欺诈行为的，应承担相应的民事或行政责任，情节严重构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
